ABSTRACT
Background: Biotic and abiotic elicitors produce secondary metabolites and alter physiological traits of the plants by affecting some of the mechanisms within the plant cells
Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid on physiological traits and paratolenolidae content in Feverfew
Methods: This research was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized completely design [CRD] under greenhouse conditions. The first factor was Feverfew cultivar with two levels [T.parthenium Linn. cv. Jelitto and T. parthenium Linn. cv. Pharmasaat], the second factor was foliar spray of spherical nano-carbon with 5 levels [0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L] and the third factor was considered as foliar spray of salicylic acid with two levels [0 and 0.2 mM]
Results: The results showed that the cultivars, different concentrations of spherical nano-carbon, salicylic acid and their interactions had a significant effect on some of the studied traits. Two cultivars in the content of chlorophyll a and b and parthenolide showed significant differences at P<0.01. Also, the effect of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid concentrations on parethenolide content of extract was significant [P <0.01]. However, the highest content of parthenolide [24.22 Mug/0.1 g dry matter] was observed in pharmasaat and at the concentration of 500 mg/L spherical nano-carbon without salicylic acid application
Conclusion: Application of spherical nano-carbon at concentration of 500 mg/L along with 0.2 mM salicylic acid improved physiological traits and metabolic content of both cultivars
ABSTRACT
Background: Many members of the genus Satureja L. [Lamiaceae] have interesting pharmacological and biological properties
Objective: In this research, major essential oil [EO] compositions, rosmarinic acid [RA] content, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts of nine Satureja species [S. bachtiarica, S. mutica, S. sahandica, S. macrantha, S. atropatana, S. edmondi, S. spicigera, S. isophylla and S. intermedia] were assessed
Methods: The chemical composition of EO was determined using Gas Chromatography [GC] and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry [GC-MS] analysis. RA content of the extract was detected using a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography [HPTLC] method, and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydracyl hydrate [DPPH] radical scavenging procedure was used to study of antioxidant capacity
Results: According to the analytical results, EO of the most samples were mainly composed of p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol. There was a wide variability for RA content among the studied species ranging from 0.03 mg g[-1] RA [S. sahandica] to 1.11 mg g[-1] RA [S. isophylla]. The lowest IC[50] in the radical scavenging assay was shown by S. sahandica extracts as compared to the other samples. This activity was followed by S. spicigera and S. edmondi. The minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] varied from 0.06 to 32 mg ml[-1], however, the minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] value differed from 0.06 to >64 mg ml[-1]. Moreover, S. sahandica revealed the lowest inhibitory activity against all microorganisms tested particularly on E. coli
Conclusion: In conclusion, the extracts of certain Satureja species have the potential to be considered as alternatives for synthetic food preservatives and antibiotics
ABSTRACT
Background: Biosynthesis and metabolism of phytochemicals in medicinal and aromatic plants are vigorously affected by different abiotic elicitors including chemicals
Objective: This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of three levels of copper sulfate [Cu: 0, 5, 25 mg kg[-1]] and zinc sulfate [Zn: 0, 10, 50 mg kg[-1]] and their combinations on yield, chemical compositions of essential oil and metals accumulation in sweet basil [Ocimum basilicum L.]
Methods: The amount of employed metals dissolved in 200 ml distilled water and sprayed over each pot, layer by layer as evenly as possible. Physical and chemical properties and concentration of the elements in soil samples were measured. The essential oil was isolated by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GS and GS-MS technique
Results: Results showed that the dry weight of root, shoot and essential oil yield were increased in treatments of Cu[0]Zn[10], Cu[5]Zn[0]and Cu[5]Zn[10], as compared to control. The increase of Zn levels in soil enhanced the concentration of Zn in shoot and root of plant when compared to control. Also, Zn and Cu antagonized the uptake of together at the high levels. Root tissues always showed greater concentration of both Cu and Zn than those of shoot. The content of linalool and methyl chavicol was significantly increased by application of employed metals in comparison to control plants
Conclusion: Findings indicate that the growth and essential oil yield of O. basilicum was significantly enhanced by application of low levels of Cu and Zn. However, the highest levels of Cu and Zn were accumulated in root, without significant reduction in growth and biomass values
ABSTRACT
Satureja bachtiarica Bunge, an endemic species with relatively wide distribution, is traditionally used as a medicinal and spice plant in Iran. Essential oils composition, antioxidant activities and phenolics content of wild and cultivated S. bachtiarica of Yazd origin were determined in this study. Hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Folin-Ciocalteu and A1C1[3] methods were served to determine total phenolics and flavonoids of methanol extracts, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined by DPPH and FRAP methods and their rosmarinic acid content was measured by using HPLC. The oil content of cultivated and wild plants was 1.8% and 0.9% v/w, respectively. Oxygenated monoterpens [78.3 - 79.5%] constituted the major fraction of essential oils with carvacrol [71.4% and 57.4% in cultivated and wild plants, respectively- Cymene [8.6 - 12.5%] was another major components of essential oils. Methanol extract from wild growing plants exhibited the higher levels antioxidant activities in both DPPH and FRAP methods [29.04 and 58.25 mg Trolox/g, respectively]. This extract also contained the higher amounts of total phenolics [24.5 mg caffeic acid /g sample], total flavonoids [87.99 mg catechin /g sample] and rosmarinic acid [3.73 mg/g dry weight] in comparison to cultivated ones [16.2 mg caffeic acid /g sample, 40.55 mg catechin /g sample and 1.73 mg/g dry weight, respectively]. Obtained results may be helpful for domestication of this plant and development of natural antioxidants for use in different industries
ABSTRACT
Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad, with the common Persian name "marzeh khuzestani", is an endemic medicinal plant, distributed in the southwestern areas of Iran. Salicylic acid [SA] is a signaling molecule and a hormone-like substance that plays an important role in the plant physiological processes. This study was conducted to determine the influence of foliar SA application [0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg.L[-1]] at two times including vegetative stage [VS] and both vegetative and reproductive stages [VS+RS] on growth parameters, enzymes activity including superoxide dismutase [SOD] and polyphenol oxidase [PPO], protein content, essential oil percentage and composition of S. khuzisra, zica under field conditions. The essential oils were isolated from aerial flowering parts of the plants by hydro- distillation method and then subjected to GC and GC-MS analyses to determine the oil constituents. Results showed that SA application at 100 and 200 mg.L[-1] were the most effective treatments in growth characteristics, but the highest essential oil content and yield was obtained at 400 mg.L[-1] SA treatment. In both spraying times, plants treated with 100 and 200 mg.L SA concentration showed more PPO and SOD activity than control plants, respectively. Also, results showed that the 14 compositions were identified in essential oil of plants under all employed treatments. Carvacrol was the major component of oils, which is also showed more variability than that of other components. It was concluded that foliar spray of SA at low concentration once at vegetative and second time at reproductive stage might be employed for enhancing both primary and secondary metabolites production of S. khuzisranica plants
Subject(s)
Salicylic Acid , Oils, Volatile , Growth , Superoxide Dismutase , Catechol OxidaseABSTRACT
Pomegranate [Punica granatum L.] is a deciduous shrub and native to Iran having ancient culture in this country and Iran is one of the biggest producers of pomegranate in the world. This fruit is used in traditional medicine because of its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and alleviative characteristics. Extracts of different parts of pomegranate fruit is rich in phenolic compounds and its rind extract and seed oil have vigorous antioxidant activity. Elagic acid is one of the most important phenolic compound with antioxidant activity, present in the pomegranate rind extract. Inhibitory effect of pomegranate seed oil on breast and skin cancer has been reported. Use of seed oil and extracts of different parts of pomegranate fruit has been considered in production of phytostrogenic compounds. At the present time, the fruit of pomegranate besides its use as a fruit and having nutritional value is also considered for its pharmaceutical characteristics. This paper is a review on articles and different sources in order to get more familiarity with medicinal characteristics of this fruit